seedscannabis
crimes, as well as crimes on which there is public
support for their prohibition, the police would score a clear gain were marijuana use to be
relegalized.47]
The damages to an individual traceable to the effects of marijuana are minimal when
compared with the damages he sustains at the hands of the legal system.48] Marijuana
use and possession probably represents—next to numerous sex crimes without victims,
such as cunnilingus—the clearest case where the penalty is incommensurate with the
seriousness of the crime. In most cases, the user suffers no damage whatsoever from the
use of this weed. In the typical case, it is a harmless activity. Arguments will often be
made, particularly by the police, that, of course, in the typical case, marijuana use is
relatively innocuous, but that is only because of the relative innocuousness of currently
available marijuana. If the user were to get his hands on really potent cannabis—North
African hashish, for instance—some serious damage would manifest itself.
49] Thus,
what is being done is to punish someone for something which is essentially harmless
because if he weren't punished, he might do something which is harmful. (Even assuming
that there are such great differences in harm to users due to the varying potency different
of cannabis preparations.) To my knowledge, this principle is not applied to any other area
of law.
Moreover, no solid case has been made for the prohibition.
In 1937, not a scrap of
evidence existed for justifying the passage of the federal law. Today, over a generation
later, the fairest statement that could be made is that adequate systematic evidence
definitively testing the relative harm of this drug has simply not been gathered. And if a
deprivation of liberties is to be imposed, a conclusive case has to be made, as Justice
Goldberg declared in Griswold v. Connecticut The burden of proof is clearly on he who
would deprive liberties, not he who would exercise them.
50]
It should be realized that although these "empirical" issues of public safety,
rehabilitation, and deterrence are useful for rhetorical purposes, they are not the most
powerful motives underlying the administration of the laws. The emotional and
"expressive" goals of symbolism and vengeance are far more important, in my opinion. To
someone who feels that marijuana use is evil, the laws are just no matter what their
practical result. They are an expression of a moral stance, and are beyond criticism on that
level. The question of "evil" is intrinsically unanswerable.
Merely because crime is
widespread is no indication that the laws attempting to prevent it (and failing, in a sense,
to do so) are invalid and ought to be abolished. Over 10,000 murders occur in the United
States every year; should laws against murder be nullified? There are about a half-million
auto thefts yearly in this country, and over a million burglaries. Should laws outlawing
these activities be done away with crimes, as well as crimes on which there is public
support for their prohibition, the police would score a clear gain were marijuana use to be
relegalized.47]
The damages to an individual traceable to the effects of marijuana are minimal when
compared with the damages he sustains at the hands of the legal system.48] Marijuana
use and possession probably represents—next to numerous sex crimes without victims,
such as cunnilingus—the clearest case where the penalty is incommensurate with the
seriousness of the crime. In most cases, the user suffers no damage whatsoever from the
use of this weed. In the typical case, it is a harmless activity. Arguments will often be
made, particularly by the police, that, of course, in the typical case, marijuana use is
relatively innocuous, but that is only because of the relative innocuousness of currently
available marijuana. If the user were to get his hands on really potent cannabis—North
African hashish, for instance—some serious damage would manifest itself.49] Thus,
what is being done is to punish someone for something which is essentially harmless
because if he weren't punished, he might do something which is harmful. (Even assuming
that there are such great differences in harm to users due to the varying potency different
of cannabis preparations.
) To my knowledge, this principle is not applied to any other area
of law.
Moreover, no solid case has been made for the prohibition. In 1937, not a scrap of
evidence existed for justifying the passage of the federal law. Today, over a generation
later, the fairest statement that could be made is that adequate systematic evidence
definitively testing the relative harm of this drug has simply not been gathered. And if a
deprivation of liberties is to be imposed, a conclusive How To Make Drugs From Stuff At Home case has to be made, as Justice
Goldberg declared in Griswold v. Connecticut The burden of proof is clearly on he Positronics who
would deprive liberties, not he who would exercise them.50]
It should be realized that although these "empirical" issues of public safety,
rehabilitation, and deterrence are useful for rhetorical purposes, they are not the most
powerful motives underlying the administration of the laws. The emotional and
"expressive" goals of symbolism and vengeance are far more important, in my opinion.
To
someone who feels that marijuana use is evil, the laws are just no matter what their
practical result. They are an expression of a moral stance, and are beyond criticism on that
level. The question of "evil" is intrinsically unanswerable. Merely because crime is
widespread is no indication that the laws attempting to prevent it (and failing, in a sense,
to do so) are invalid and ought to be abolished. Over 10,000 murders occur in the United
States every year; should laws against murder be nullified? There are about a half-million
auto thefts yearly in this country, and over a million burglaries.
Should laws outlawing
these activities be done away with crimes, as well as crimes on which there is public
support for their prohibition, the police would score a clear gain were marijuana use to be
relegalized.47
The damages to an individual traceable to the effects of marijuana are minimal when
compared with the damages he sustains at the hands of the legal system.48 Marijuana
use and possession probably represents—next to numerous sex crimes without victims,
such as cunnilingus—the clearest case where the penalty is incommensurate with the
seriousness of the crime. In most cases, the user suffers no damage whatsoever from the
use of this weed. In the typical case, it is a harmless activity. Arguments will often be
made, particularly by the police, that, of course, in the typical case, marijuana use is
relatively innocuous, but that is only because of the relative innocuousness of currently
available marijuana. If the user were to get his hands on really potent cannabis—North
African hashish, for instance—some serious damage would manifest itself.49 Thus,
what is being done is to punish someone for something which is essentially harmless
because if he weren't punished, he might do something which is harmful. (Even assuming
that there are such great differences in harm to users due to the varying potency different
of cannabis preparations.) To my knowledge, this principle is not applied to any other area
of law.
Moreover, no solid case has been made for the prohibition. In 1937, not a scrap of
evidence existed for justifying the passage of the federal law. Today, over a generation
later, the fairest statement that could be made is that adequate systematic evidence
definitively testing the relative harm of this drug has simply not been gathered. And if a
deprivation of liberties is to be imposed, a conclusive case has to be made, as Justice
Goldberg declared in Griswold v. Connecticut The burden of proof is clearly on he who
would deprive liberties, not he who would exercise them.[50
It should be realized that although these "empirical" issues of public safety,
rehabilitation, and deterrence are useful for rhetorical purposes, they are not the most
powerful motives underlying the administration of the laws. The emotional and
"expressive" goals of symbolism and vengeance are far more important, in my opinion.
To
someone who feels that marijuana use is evil, the laws are just no matter what their
practical result. They are an expression of a moral stance, and are beyond criticism on that
level. The question of "evil" is intrinsically unanswerable. Merely because crime is
widespread is no indication that the laws attempting to prevent it (and failing, in a sense,
to do so) are invalid and ought to be abolished. Over 10,000 murders occur in the United
States every year; should laws against murder be nullified? There are about a half-million
auto thefts yearly in this country, and over a million burglaries. Should laws outlawing
these activities be done away with crimes, as well as crimes on which there is public
support for their prohibition, the police would score a clear gain were marijuana use to be
relegalized.47
The damages to an individual traceable to the effects of marijuana are minimal when
compared with the damages he sustains at the hands of the legal system.48 Marijuana
use and possession probably represents—next to numerous sex crimes without victims,
such as cunnilingus—the clearest case where the penalty is incommensurate with the
seriousness of the crime. In most cases, the user suffers no damage whatsoever from the
use of this weed. In the typical case, it is a harmless activity.
Arguments will often be
made, particularly by the police, that, of course, in the typical case, marijuana use is
relatively innocuous, but that is only because of the relative innocuousness of currently
available marijuana. If the user were to get his hands on really potent cannabis—North
African hashish, for instance—some serious damage would manifest itself.49 Thus,
what is being done is to punish someone for something which is essentially harmless
because if he weren't punished, he might do something which is harmful. (Even assuming
that there are such great differences in harm to users due to the varying potency different
of cannabis preparations.) To my knowledge, this principle is not applied to any other area
of law.
Moreover, no solid case has been made for the prohibition. In 1937, not a scrap of
evidence existed for justifying the passage of the federal law. Today, over a generation
later, the fairest statement that could be made is that adequate systematic evidence
definitively testing the relative harm of this drug has simply not been gathered. And if a
deprivation of liberties is to be imposed, a conclusive case has to be made, as Justice
Goldberg declared in Griswold v. Connecticut The burden of proof is clearly on he who
would deprive liberties, not he who would exercise them.50
It should be realized that although these "empirical" issues of public safety,
rehabilitation, and deterrence are useful for rhetorical purposes, they are not the most
powerful motives underlying the administration of the laws. The emotional and
"expressive" goals of symbolism and vengeance are far more important, in my opinion. To
someone who feels that marijuana use is evil, the laws are just no matter what their
practical result. They are an expression of a moral stance, and are beyond criticism on that
level. The question of "evil" is intrinsically unanswerable. Merely because crime is
widespread is no indication that the laws attempting to prevent it (and failing, in a sense,
to do so) are invalid and ought to be abolished. Over 10,000 murders occur in the United
States every year; should laws against murder be nullified? There are about a half-million
auto thefts yearly in this country, and over a million burglaries. Should laws outlawing
these activities be done away with
ice bongs While I'm not going to say that Big Bud isn't a good strain, it's not as magical as many people seem to think.
The main problem is the name, Big Bud, everyone expects massive buds. They are big, but not significantly
larger than many other top strains. The potency is good but not knock you off your feet good. There is huge
variations from plant to plant, some are killer and deserving of some of the legends, but the majority are just
typical(of high quality strains). Overall, a good plant as long as you don't expect miracles. I just finished a
bowl of it myself.
128 The analog 240 126 How To Make Good Weed What Do People Put In Marijuana Pipes was headshops in zurich, laws obtained from
237 on treatment
headshops in zurich, laws
with
TO CANNABIS GROW GROW dimethylaminopropyl chloride in the
headshops in zurich, laws headshops in zurich, laws presence of butyllithium "My 3 NL#9 girls were harvested last week, dried and are curing now. Plant #1 flowered for 52 days, 2 and 3, 56
days. I have to say that this is some of the best smoke of all time for me! Looks white in the bag slow clean
burn, great taste, kick-ass high. I yielded about 5oz. off 3 plants. NL#9 is a Sag product. Info I've gotten says
its NLxWhite WidowxJack Herer. Pretty intense stone."-KGB
How To Make Pipe And Bongs align="justify"> These studies'"
have also suggested that the entropy
color changing glass bongs
of ring formation is the major factor in
determining
Illadelph Extract Bowls the product of an intramolecular epoxide cleavage
e to say that the user who possesses only an ounce is
almost certainly not a large-scale dealer.
There is the argument that the penalties for marijuana possession (and use) should be
reduced, but not for selling. This distinction violates empirical reality; it implies the
existence of two relatively separated social and moral spheres that articulate on a
superficial basis—profit. If the seller is guilty, the user is, too, because the user is the
seller, and the seller the user. The technical exchange of contraband goods for money
takes place at every conceivable level and by nearly everyone above the minimally
involved. Labeling all selling heinous and use only moderately reprehensible, is to display
ignorance of how the market works. The present law, as well as the moderate reforms
currently being proposed, puts use in one legal, logical category, and all levels of selling
in another. We find use and most selling transactions to be logically and socially
indistinguishable while high level, high volume, and high profit selling transactions exist
in a disjunctive social and moral universe. If we believed in "natural" social categories, the
present confusion would represent as great an intellectual blunder as classifying whales as
fish and bats as a species of bird.
* These prices were current before the Mexican border blockade and increased
vigilance of 1969 and 1970. At the present time (February 1970), prices are about one and
a third to one and a half more than what they were a year earlier, even assuming the
availability of marijuana, which is often problematic. (back)
N O T E S
1. It is interesting that the most vigorous of the antimarijuana propagandists of the
1930s, Harry Anslinger, denied that marijuana was sold by professional gangsters in 1937:
"... the control and sale of marijuana has not yet passed into the hands of the big gangster
syndicates. The supply is so vast, and grows in so many places, that gangsters perhaps
have found it difficult to dominate the source.... gangdom has been hampered in its efforts
to corner the profits of what has now become an enormous business." See Harry J.
Anslinger, with Courtney Ryley Cooper, "Marijuana—Assassin of Youth," American
Magazine 124 (July 18, 1937): 152-153. (back)
2. The clearest recent statement of this position may be found in Will Oursler,
Marijuana: The Facts, the Truth (New York: Paul S. Eriksson, 1968), pp. 113-120.
Oursler seems to think these college student distributors are gangland fronts, and are
called "beavers" in the underworld. (back)
3. The New York Times, September 27, 1968. (back)
4. Ibid., October 6, 1968. (back)
5. The most informative of recent accounts must include: James T. Carey, The College
Drug Scene (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968), esp. chs. 2, 4, 5; Jerry Mandel,
"Myths and Realities of Marijuana Pushing," in J. L. Simmons, ed., Marijuana: Myths and
(16 of 18)4/15/2004 1:08:20 AM
The Marijuana Smokers - Ch as well as to an
entire tradition in marijuana commentary. Yet such a conclusion is difficult to avoid. The
marijuana user appears to be more active socially than the nonuser. He has more friends
and socializes more. He is engaged in a larger number and a greater variety of activities
than the nonuser—aesthetic appreciation and creation, political activism, and social
welfare, for instance. (Of course, some other human endeavors, such as traditional and
formal religious participation, are less often the object of marijuana users' interests.)
The zero-sum notion assumes that the two realms, the straight and the stoned, are
antagonistic and incompatible, enjoyed by a wholly different and distinct personnel. In
reality, most potsmokers do not rob their straight life to pay their stoned existence. More
commonly, the two enrich each other. Thus, any model based on the assumption that by
using marijuana those activities which society values will typically or necessarily
deteriorate in the lives of users has to be faulty. In the average user, no such process takes
place. (It will, of course, be a relatively simple matter to uncover exceptions.) The average
marijuana smoker utilizes his drug of choice as an adjunct and an enhancer of many of the
activities that the ordinary law-abiding citizen participates in.
The dire predictions of what happens when someone takes to the weed do not seem to
happen. It is said that although marijuana is not technically addicting, it does generate a
kind of psychological addiction (thus, the stoned model), and that once legal restrictions
are relaxed, huge numbers of persons will be stupefied most of their waking hours. When
we look at the facts, this argument evaporates. Most marijuana users smoke the weed
occasionally. The truly committed "head," the smoker who is high the whole day, day in
and day out, is a relative rarity, perhaps comprising 1 or 2 percent of everyone who has
ever smoked marijuana. And yet it is from this rarefied upper reaches of the world of
potsmoking that society's model of marijuana use is borrowed.
We will, of course, be able to locate specific individuals who are, in fact, high a great
proportion of their waking hours. But the difference between marijuana and any of the
physiologically addicting drugs—including alcohol—in this respect is so great as to be a
(6 of 9)4/15/2004 1:08:52 AM
The Marijuana Smokers - Chapter 12
difference of kind, and not simply a matter of degree. It is only because the medical
profession views marijuana use by definition pathological and abnormal ("abuse" is
defined as taking a drug outside a medical context) that any use of marijuana has to be
viewed, medically, as a kind of habituation, or psychological addiction. Something
anomalous, puzzling, and disturbing must be labeled pathological. But in less moralistic
terms—and it is only on moral grounds that the medical label makes any sense at all—it is
necessary to face the fact th
Cheap Cannabis Seeds Bowls Bowls Marijuana Seeds Naturdrogen Yoshimura, K It's no point having blueberry pot that burns your throat or doesn't get you high. Do not pour any syrup or similar flavorings on your pot. The sugar will make it very harsh and you are inviting mold. There
are better ways. The best flavor enhancing starts while the plant is still growing. You can do a certain amount while it's curing and you can even affect the smell/flavor somewhat after it's been cured. There are two main approaches, inside out and outside in.
healer with all his shitana sorcery] powers.
There is his supay-masho diabolic bat], whose penetrating waves produce in the
victim a sleepy and forgetful weakness so that he can barely defend himself. The
healer must raise luminous waves with very powerful colours that dazzle the
enemy's eyes, and he calls on his powers of the earth, jungle, water, and sky as a
defence.
These are from right to left the powers used by the healer: the mantona mama a
large snake] of hypnotic magnetism; the supay-yangunturo gigantic diabolic
armadillo], able to burrow into the earth at great speed in order to re-emerge where
the enemy is; the sinchi-ahui [powerful eyes] tiger, with a strong magnetism in its
eyes to immobilise his rival; the chicua, a bird that can determine the intentions of
the enemy; the allpa-raya land ray] that stings and is also able to fly in pursuit of
the enemy; the ishkay-huahuasupay ishkay = two, huahua = child], with a tiger's
body and a creature's head, that confuses the enemy by making him hear weeping
from one place then another place until the enemy is surprised; the mocagua pot]
that is actually a ship in which the healer flies around at great speeds; the black
tibes, able to dive, experts in water battles because they attack the eyes of the
sorcerer; the guacamayo-machaco, a snake with the breasts of a woman and human
arms, who throws poisoned daggers; and the sapo-machaco snake toad] who bites
like a snake, very quickly, and has a deadly poison.
At top right is the queen Nefina, who has the power to fly with her hair of fire. She
has a magnetising mirror with luminous waves that upon hitting the enemy negate
his magic powers. She is accompanied by aggressive flying snakes and horses
neighing battle.
Here also are her ladies Lebina and Magg, armed with powerful
fans and long hair that emanates mystical powers, which they use like nets to catch
enemies.
The healer blows with the power given to him by the ayahuasca. From his
powerful tingunas come darts against the supay-masho. The sorcerer is accompa
nied by the huaira-umas huaira = air, uma = head, the word meaning "forgetful
mind"], snakes that cast a spell that drives the victim crazy, making him forget how
to defend himself There are also the ayanahais [eyes of the dead], fireflies that
move in flocks and which the sorcerer uses as cigarettes.
Further up are the huasi-ukullucos [wasi = house, ukulluku = lizard], who hide in
the bathroom and very quickly get into a person's anus when he defecates, bringing
about his death.
In the middle we see the puka-cunga-shitanero sorcerer bird with a red neck]
who can sting sharply the top of the healer's head to extract the powers he posesses.
By its side are the aya-pelejos sloth of the dead] who turn into immense giants
who wound with their sharp claws and bite like snakes. Then there are the huairahuacas
bulls of the wind] who roar like thunder, confusing their victims, and the
chusco-rikhealer with all his shitana sorcery] powers.
There is his supay-masho diabolic bat], whose penetrating waves produce in the
victim a sleepy and forgetful weakness so that he can barely defend himself. The
healer must raise luminous waves with very powerful colours that Industriehanf dazzle the
enemy's eyes, and he calls on his powers of the earth, jungle, water, and sky as a
defence.
These are from right to left the powers used by the healer: the mantona mama a
large snake] of hypnotic magnetism; the supay-yangunturo gigantic diabolic
armadillo], able to burrow into the earth at great speed in order to re-emerge where
the enemy is; the sinchi-ahui powerful eyes] tiger, with a strong magnetism in its
eyes to immobilise his rival; the chicua, a bird that can determine the intentions of
the enemy; the allpa-raya land ray] that stings and is also able to fly in pursuit of
the enemy; the ishkay-huahuasupay ishkay = two, huahua = child], with a tiger's
body and a creature's head, that confuses the enemy by making him hear weeping
from one place then another place until the enemy is surprised; the mocagua pot]
that is actually a ship in which the healer flies around at great speeds; the black
tibes, able to dive, experts in water battles because they attack the eyes of the
sorcerer; the guacamayo-machaco, a snake with the breasts of a woman and human
arms, who throws poisoned daggers; and the sapo-machaco snake toad] who bites
like a snake, very quickly, and has a deadly poison.
At top right is the queen Nefina, who has the power to fly with her hair of fire. She
has a magnetising mirror with luminous waves that upon hitting the enemy negate
his magic powers. She is accompanied by aggressive flying snakes and horses
neighing battle. Here also are her ladies Lebina and Magg, armed with powerful
fans and long hair that emanates mystical powers, which they use like nets to catch
enemies.
The healer blows with the power given to him by the ayahuasca. From his
powerful tingunas come darts against the supay-masho. The sorcerer is accompa
nied by the huaira-umas huaira = air, uma = head, the word meaning "forgetful
mind"], snakes that cast a spell that drives the victim crazy, making him forget how
to defend himself There are also the ayanahais eyes of the dead], fireflies that
move in flocks and which the sorcerer uses as cigarettes.
Further up are the huasi-ukullucos wasi = house, ukulluku = lizard], who hide in
the bathroom and very quickly get into a person's anus when he defecates, bringing
about his death.
In the middle we see the puka-cunga-shitanero sorcerer bird with a red neck]
who can sting sharply the top of the healer's head to extract the powers he posesses.
By its side are the aya-pelejos sloth of the dead] who turn into immense giants
who wound with their sharp claws and bite like snakes. Then there are the huairahuacas
bulls of the wind] who roar like thunder, confusing their victims, and the
chusco-rikhealer with all his shitana [sorcery powers.
There is his supay-masho [diabolic bat, whose penetrating waves produce in the
victim a sleepy and forgetful weakness so that he can barely defend himself. The
healer must raise luminous waves with very powerful colours that dazzle the
enemy's eyes, and he calls on his powers of the earth, jungle, water, and sky as a
defence.
These are from right to left the powers used by the healer: the mantona mama [a
large snake of hypnotic magnetism; the supay-yangunturo gigantic diabolic
armadillo, able to burrow into the earth at great speed in order to re-emerge where
the enemy is; the sinchi-ahui powerful eyes tiger, with a strong magnetism in its
eyes to immobilise his rival; the chicua, a bird that can determine the intentions of
the enemy; the allpa-raya land ray that stings and is also able to fly in pursuit of
the enemy; the ishkay-huahuasupay [ishkay = two, huahua = child, with a tiger's
body and a creature's head, that confuses the enemy by making him hear weeping
from one place then another place until the enemy is surprised; the mocagua [pot
that is actually a ship in which the healer flies around at great speeds; the black
tibes, able to dive, experts in water battles because they attack the eyes of the
sorcerer; the guacamayo-machaco, a snake with the breasts of a woman and human
arms, who throws poisoned daggers; and the sapo-machaco snake toad who bites
like a snake, very quickly, and has a deadly poison.
At top right is the queen Nefina, who has the power to fly with her hair of fire. She
has a magnetising mirror with luminous waves that upon hitting the enemy negate
his magic powers. She is accompanied by aggressive flying snakes and horses
neighing battle. Here also are her ladies Lebina and Magg, armed with powerful
fans and long hair that emanates mystical powers, which they use like nets to catch
enemies.
The healer blows with the power given to him by the ayahuasca. From his
powerful tingunas come darts against the supay-masho. The sorcerer is accompa
nied by the huaira-umas huaira = air, uma = head, the word meaning "forgetful
mind", snakes that cast a spell that Seeds Marijuana Vancouver drives the victim crazy, making him forget how
to defend himself There are also the ayanahais [eyes of the dead, fireflies that
move in flocks and which the sorcerer uses as cigarettes.
Further up are the huasi-ukullucos [wasi = house, ukulluku = lizard, who hide in
the bathroom and very quickly get into a person's anus when he defecates, bringing
about his death.
In the middle we see the puka-cunga-shitanero sorcerer bird with a red neck
who can sting sharply the top of the healer's head to extract the powers he posesses.
By its side are the aya-pelejos [sloth of the dead who turn into immense giants
who wound with their sharp claws and bite like snakes.
Then there are the huairahuacas
[bulls of the wind who roar like thunder, confusing their victims, and the
chusco-rikhealer with all his shitana sorcery powers.
There is his supay-masho diabolic bat, whose penetrating waves produce in the
victim a sleepy and forgetful weakness so that he can barely defend himself. The
healer must raise luminous waves with very powerful colours that dazzle the
enemy's eyes, and he calls on his powers of the earth, jungle, water, and sky as a
defence.
These are from right to left the powers used by the healer: the mantona mama a
large snake of hypnotic magnetism; the supay-yangunturo gigantic diabolic
armadillo, able to burrow into the earth at great speed in order to re-emerge where
the enemy is; the sinchi-ahui powerful eyes tiger, with a strong magnetism in its
eyes to immobilise his rival; the chicua, a bird that can determine the intentions of
the enemy; the allpa-raya land ray that stings and is also able to fly in pursuit of
the enemy; the ishkay-huahuasupay ishkay = two, huahua = child, with a tiger's
body and a creature's head, that confuses the enemy by making him hear weeping
from one place then another place until the enemy is surprised; the mocagua pot
that is actually a ship in which the healer flies around at great speeds; the black
tibes, able to dive, experts in water battles because they attack the eyes of the
sorcerer; the guacamayo-machaco, a snake with the breasts of a woman and human
arms, who throws poisoned daggers; and the sapo-machaco snake toad who bites
like a snake, very quickly, and has a deadly poison.
At top right is the queen Nefina, who has the power to fly with her hair of fire. She
has a magnetising mirror with luminous waves that upon hitting the enemy negate
his magic powers. She is accompanied by aggressive flying snakes and horses
neighing battle. Here also are her ladies Lebina and Magg, armed with powerful
fans and long hair that emanates mystical powers, which they use like nets to catch
enemies.
The healer blows with the power given to him by the ayahuasca. From his
powerful tingunas come darts against the supay-masho. The sorcerer is accompa
nied by the huaira-umas huaira = air, uma = head, the word meaning "forgetful
mind", snakes that cast a spell that drives the victim crazy, making him forget how
to defend himself There are also the ayanahais eyes of the dead, fireflies that
move in flocks and which the sorcerer uses as cigarettes.
Further up are the huasi-ukullucos wasi = house, ukulluku = lizard, who hide in
the bathroom and very quickly get into a person's anus when he defecates, bringing
about his death.
In the middle we see the puka-cunga-shitanero sorcerer bird with a red neck
who can sting sharply the top of the healer's head to extract the powers he posesses.
By its side are the aya-pelejos sloth of the dead who turn into immense giants
who wound with their sharp claws and bite like snakes. Then there are the huairahuacas
bulls of the wind who roar like thunder, confusing their victims, and the
chusco-rik
This has posed many synthetic problems
because during chemical reactions the more stable derivatives of trans-ts6·THC
(2) are mostly formed
Hookahs
Kuppers,
Water Bong Pictures Bong Of C
Braun, and Y With soil you need to change to plain water at least a week and preferably two weeks before harvest depending on how much soil in each pot. Don't use slow release ferts because they are very hard to clear out. Outdoor farmers who need to use
Bongs For Sale Cannabisgr slow release can time it and use just liquid
How To Make Your Weed Frosty ferts toward the end. So now you have harvested right at the peak. You cleared out the nutes beforehand and you have fragrant, spicy highly potent buds you want to preserve.
“Princess was obtained from growing out seeds found in buds of Jack Herer that was purchased in Seeds Marijuana Australia Amsterdam at
the "Sensi-Smile" coffee shop, an authorized outlet of Sensi Seed Bank. Thus, it is considered to be an f2
generation Jack Herer. The seeds were found only in the deepest part of the buds indicating that the father was
an unusually early-maturing JH that the growers missed Cloning Canabis at first.” - MrSoul
e the best perfumes and medicines.
She also has a very beautiful icaro.
3. Gabat, the master of clairvoyance and telepathic sound.
4. Manchahuarmi, a great warrior, always successful in battle. She gives the
virote huan [magic dart].
5. Allimipaica’ a compassionate queen who teaches how to cure with perfume
and balsamic ointments
6.
Callpaican-Kapak (the one that flies with her coat). She travels the world,
because she walks very fast, being therefore able to hunt her enemies.
All these queens possess esoteric knowledge and work here with the vegetalistas
who have turned themselves into wolves. The queens are seated on splendid chairs
placed on embroidered mats. In the centre of the picture are some of the plants used
as defence against evil sorcerers. These are the pin6n colorado [Jatropha
gossypifolia] or pin6n negro. In order to use this plant effectively, one must use
those leaves that have five tips, like a human hand. Another plant is the yuca verde
[green manioc] which is used in ritual baths. Achiote [Bixa orellana] is used to cure
mal aire, an illness caused by a dead person or supay. Patiquina Dieffenbachia
sp.] is used to kill sorcerers.
Sacha-ajos [Mansoa alliacea] is used as a disinfectant
against plagues as well as evil spirits. The leaves of this plant are burned in the
evening. Cam uri is a kind of small fruit of orange color which the vegetalistas
keep in their chests, in the way they keep the mann. This is used both for healing
and causing harm, depending on the intentions of the vegetalista.
VISION 46
SEPULTURA TONDURI
This vision is called sepultura tonduri [Spanish sepultura = grave, funeral], which
is a very sad and frightening icaro, sung by a sorcerer to kill a person or his enemy.
We see here three vegetalistas who gathered to take the purge. The man on the
extreme left, dressed in clothing with steel scales, is a sorcerer who never heals,
only kills. That is why the fire coming out of his head is very hot and his aura is
red, as if it were dyed with blood.
Around his arm he carries a nacanaca snake
Micrurus sp.], and all his knowledge can be seen in the yellow- and violetcoloured
figures on his head.The other man, dressed in green, is a witch and a
sorcerer. He is a witch because he casts his spells so as to imprison a person and do
with him as he pleases. He is a sorcerer because he casts a spell to kill the person he
chooses.The one dressed in light blue is a perfect master who only heals. His aura is
light blue and he shows his knowledge with the light blue and white colours. He
carries the virote huani, which consists of glass arrows and a cumaceba [Swartzia
sp.] bow for use in difficult situations. But if he uses this weapon, he then becomes
a criminal.
Of the strange beings that appear on the extreme left, the one on the top belongs
to the green man, and the other two lower down belong to the witch and the red
sorcerer. Two soldiers take from his bed the soul of a muraya, e the best perfumes and medicines.
She also has a very beautiful icaro.
3. Gabat, the master of clairvoyance and telepathic sound.
4. Manchahuarmi, a great warrior, always successful in battle. She gives the
virote huan magic dart].
5.
Allimipaica’ a compassionate queen who teaches how to cure with perfume
and balsamic ointments
6. Callpaican-Kapak (the one that flies with her coat). She travels the world,
because she walks very fast, being therefore able to hunt her enemies.
All these queens possess esoteric knowledge and work here with the vegetalistas
who have turned themselves into wolves. The queens are seated on splendid chairs
placed on embroidered mats. In the centre of the picture are some of the plants used
as defence against evil sorcerers.
These are the pin6n colorado Jatropha
gossypifolia] or pin6n negro.
In order to use this plant effectively, one must use
those leaves that have five tips, like a human hand. Another plant is the yuca verde
green manioc] which is used in ritual baths. Achiote Bixa orellana] is used to cure
mal aire, an illness caused by a dead person or supay. Patiquina Dieffenbachia
sp.] is used to kill sorcerers. Sacha-ajos Mansoa alliacea] is used as a disinfectant
against plagues as well as evil spirits. The leaves of this plant are burned in the
evening.
Cam uri is a kind of small fruit of orange color which the vegetalistas
keep in their chests, in the way they keep the mann. This is used both for healing
and causing harm, depending on the intentions of the vegetalista.
VISION 46
SEPULTURA TONDURI
This vision is called sepultura tonduri Spanish sepultura = grave, funeral], which
is a very sad and frightening icaro, sung by a sorcerer to kill a person or his enemy.
We see here three vegetalistas who gathered to take the purge.
The man on the
extreme left, dressed in clothing with steel scales, is a sorcerer who never heals,
only kills.
That is why the fire coming out of his head is very hot and his aura is
red, as if it were dyed with blood. Around his arm he carries a nacanaca snake
Micrurus sp.], and all his knowledge can be seen in the yellow- and violetcoloured
figures on his head.The other man, dressed in green, is a witch and a
sorcerer. He is a witch because he casts his spells so as to imprison a person and do
with him as he pleases. He is a sorcerer because he casts a spell to kill the person he
chooses.The one dressed in light blue is a perfect master who only heals.
His aura is
light blue and he shows his knowledge with the light blue and white colours. He
carries the virote huani, which consists of glass arrows and a cumaceba Swartzia
sp.] bow for use in difficult situations. But if he uses this weapon, he then becomes
a criminal.
Of the strange beings that appear on the extreme left, the one on the top belongs
to the green man, and the other two lower down belong to the witch and the red
sorcerer. Two soldiers take from his bed the soul of a muraya, e the best perfumes and medicines.
She also has a Magus Genetics very beautiful icaro.
3. Gabat, the master of clairvoyance and telepathic sound.
4. Manchahuarmi, a great warrior, always successful in battle. She gives the
virote huan [magic dart.
5. Allimipaica’ a compassionate queen who teaches how to cure with perfume
and balsamic ointments
6.
Callpaican-Kapak (the one that flies with her coat). She travels the world,
because she walks very fast, being therefore able to hunt her enemies.
All these queens possess esoteric knowledge and work here with the vegetalistas
who have turned themselves into wolves. The queens are seated on splendid chairs
placed on embroidered mats. In the centre of the picture are some of the plants used
as defence against evil sorcerers. These are the pin6n colorado [Jatropha
gossypifolia or pin6n negro. In order to use this plant effectively, one must use
those leaves that have five tips, like a human hand. Another plant is the yuca verde
[green manioc which is used in ritual baths. Achiote [Bixa orellana is used to cure
mal aire, an illness caused by a dead person or supay. Patiquina Dieffenbachia
sp. is used to kill sorcerers.
Sacha-ajos Mansoa alliacea is used as a disinfectant
against plagues as well as evil spirits.
The leaves of this plant are burned in the
evening. Cam uri is a kind of small fruit of orange color which the vegetalistas
keep in their chests, in the way they keep the mann. This is used both for healing
and causing harm, depending on the intentions of the vegetalista.
VISION 46
SEPULTURA TONDURI
This vision is called sepultura tonduri Spanish sepultura = grave, funeral, which
is a very sad and frightening icaro, sung by a sorcerer to kill a person or his enemy.
We see here three vegetalistas who gathered to take the purge.
The man on the
extreme left, dressed in clothing with steel scales, is a sorcerer who never heals,
only kills. That is why the fire coming out of his head is very hot and his aura is
red, as if it were dyed with blood. Around his arm he carries a nacanaca snake
Micrurus sp., and all his knowledge can be seen in the yellow- and violetcoloured
figures on his head.The other man, dressed in green, is a witch and a
sorcerer. He is a witch because he casts his spells so as to imprison a person and do
with him as he pleases. He is a sorcerer because he casts a spell to kill the person he
chooses.The one dressed in light blue is a perfect master who only heals. His aura is
light blue and he shows his knowledge with the light blue and white colours. He
carries the virote huani, which consists of glass arrows and a cumaceba [Swartzia
sp. bow for use in difficult situations. But if he uses this weapon, he then becomes
a criminal.
Of the strange beings that appear on the extreme left, the one on the top belongs
to the green man, and the other two lower down belong to the witch and the red
sorcerer. Two soldiers take from his bed the soul of a muraya, e the best perfumes and medicines.
She also has a very beautiful icaro.
3. Gabat, the master of clairvoyance and telepathic sound.
4. Manchahuarmi, a great warrior, always successful in battle. She gives the
virote huan magic dart.
5. Allimipaica’ a compassionate queen who teaches how to cure with perfume
and balsamic ointments
6.
Callpaican-Kapak (the one that flies with her coat). She travels the world,
because she walks very fast, being therefore able to hunt her enemies.
All these queens possess esoteric knowledge and work here with the vegetalistas
who have turned themselves into wolves. The queens are seated on splendid chairs
placed on embroidered mats. In the centre of the picture are some of the plants used
as defence against evil sorcerers. These are the pin6n colorado Jatropha
gossypifolia or pin6n negro.
In order to use this plant effectively, one must use
those leaves that have five tips, like a human hand. Another plant is the yuca verde
green manioc which is used in ritual baths. Achiote Bixa orellana is used to cure
mal aire, an illness caused by a dead person or supay. Patiquina Dieffenbachia
sp. is used to kill sorcerers. Sacha-ajos Mansoa alliacea is used as a disinfectant
against plagues as well as evil spirits. The leaves of this plant are burned in the
evening. Cam uri is a kind of small fruit of orange color which the vegetalistas
keep in their chests, in the way they keep the mann. This is used both for healing
and causing harm, depending on the intentions of the vegetalista.
VISION 46
SEPULTURA TONDURI
This vision is called sepultura tonduri Spanish sepultura = grave, funeral, which
is a very sad and frightening icaro, sung by a sorcerer to kill a person or his enemy.
We see here three vegetalistas who gathered to take the purge.
The man on the
extreme left, dressed in clothing with steel scales, is a sorcerer who never heals,
only kills.
That is why the fire coming out of his head is very hot and his aura is
red, as if it were dyed with blood.
Around his arm he carries a nacanaca snake
Micrurus sp., and all his knowledge can be seen in the yellow- and violetcoloured
figures on his head.The other man, dressed in green, is a witch and a
sorcerer. He is a witch because he casts his spells so as to imprison a person and do
with him as he pleases. He is a sorcerer because he casts a spell to kill the person he
chooses.The one dressed in light blue is a perfect master who only heals. His aura is
light blue and he shows his knowledge with the light blue and white colours. He
carries the virote huani, which consists of glass arrows and a cumaceba Swartzia
sp.
bow for use in difficult situations. But if he uses this weapon, he then becomes
a criminal.
Of the strange beings that appear on the extreme left, the one on the top belongs
to the green man, and the other two lower down belong to the witch and the red
sorcerer.
Two soldiers take from his bed the soul of a muraya,
6-eannabidiols
with a 3,4-cis junction Stackers Joint Cannabis are "unnatural" and were Industriehanf synthesized (Chart 2
"GROW THE A-11 FIRST!!!, it is WORLD class smoke!!! But I have to warn you, after you have grown this cross
of Cinderella 99 and Genius, 90% of everything else you grow won't come close!!! So clone all your females, if
you let this one slip through your fingers you will be bummed!!! The bud from Apollo has a sweet fruity/citrus
taste, and a high that gives you the energy to go out and do something...even if you can't remember what it
is!!! Every one that has smoked the A (my version is the A-13, Genius crossed with Cinderella88.The A-11 is
even better then A-13 according to BG!!!) has said it is some of the best they have ever smoked!"- greenbear , 97, 185 (1978); (j) 1
Preparations must be made well before curing begins. The experienced grower harvests his crop when 50 to 80% of the pistles have turned color. If you have grown out the strain before you have a good idea when they will be ready. You will need to clear the plants of nutrients (fertilizer) right before you harvest. The growing medium and the plants themselves store some of the nutes you have given them. This will give a nasty taste if you harvest without clearing it out. , 23,1069 (1970)
, Sensi Seed 88,
3664 (1966)
ty Code prohibits the possession of marijuana, which is defined as a
narcotic.
A recent District Court decision limited the amount possessed to a useable
amount. What amount is "useable" is not clear: it varies from one narcotic drug to the
next, but a 1966 decision held that fifty milligrams of marijuana was not a useable
amount. Judges usually dismiss possession cases based on a single "roach." A first
violation of Section 11530 calls for a one-to-ten-year prison sentence; a second-time
(2 of 31)4/15/2004 1:08:37 AM
The Marijuana Smokers - Chapter 11
offender will be punished by a two-to-ten-year sentence, and any subsequent violation
calls for a five-year to life penalty.
Section 11530.5 of the Health and Safety Code penalizes the possessor of marijuana for
the purpose of selling it. No fixed amount is stipulated that defines the amount necessary
to constitute a violation, although if the marijuana is packaged, presumably the intention
to sell is evident. A two-to-ten-year first offense sentence is imposed, while there is a fiveto-
fifteen-year sentence (with a three-year minimum) for the second offense. The third and
subsequent offenses are punished by ten-years-to-life imprisonment with a six-year
minimum. Section 11531 of the California Code covers selling (and giving away)
marijuana. The first offense provides for a five-years-to-life penalty; the offender is
ineligible for parole before three years. A second offense calls for a minimum penalty of
five years, and a White Rhino third-time offender must serve at least ten years before being considered
for parole. Section 11532 stipulates that if an adult "hires, employs, or uses a minor in
unlawfully transporting, carrying, selling, giving away, preparing for sale... any marijuana
or who unlawfully sells, furnishes, administers, gives, or offers to sell, furnish, Cannagenetics Categories Cannagenetics administer,
or give any marijuana to a minor, or who induces a minor to use marijuana" is subject to
ten years to life imprisonment.
The above offenses are felonies.
The California statutes also provide for a variety of
less serious misdemeanor penalties, for less serious offenses. For instance, marijuana use
in California, or being under the influence of marijuana, is penalized by a ninety-day-toone-
year sanction (Section 11721).
Another section (11556) rules it illegal to visit or be in
a room or any place wherein marijuana is being used "with knowledge that such activity is
occurring.
" The harshness of these penalties is mitigated by the fact that Section l202b of
the California Penal Code grants discretion to the judge if the felon is under the age of
twenty-three. Thus, many mandatory minimum sentences may be reduced to six months.
In 1962, Rhode Island stiffened its marijuana penalties. Possession of marijuana calls
for a three-to-fifteen-year penalty; possession with the intent to sell, a ten-to-thirty-year
penalty; the gift or sale of marijuana, a twenty-to-forty-year sentence; and the sale to
anyon
Salemink, Recl Korte, Tetrahedron
Cannabis Ska Lett
Drying Curing your garnering is an why is nutrition important step in the cultivation process. Many new growers are so eager to try me mp3 the back support products they don't even can't wait for it to mature. They cut off bucts that aren't irpe and rainless them cold fast. I've shot heard round the world of cartoon people pro tem bucts in the warm up because they couldn't can't wait for them to rainless. If skittles taste the rainbow, aroma and maximm black kush potency is why is nutrition important to you then you i want you to want me to cure your bucts and not just rainless them. There are how many words are in the gettysburg address ways to collect fingerprints to do this and I'm just going to go ovre a few basic san francisco things to do. You can find whole house water filters books on the free subject predicate worksheets if you are interested.
ved in their own subculture's conception of it as harmless and beneficial. Moreover,
the relatively few (but absolutely, many) users who are arrested gives them cause for the
accusation of distributive injustice. Rehabilitation is predicated on the notion that the
transgressor thinks of his transgression as wrong. Users often give up use of the weed
after arrest but for practical reasons, not out of a desire to rid themselves of a nasty habit.
To demonstrate these assertions, a study of arrestees would have to be made. In the
absence of such a study, two users who were arrested or who are serving prison sentences
for violation of the marijuana statutes voice reactions to their legal experiences:
It's rather discouraging to spend time in jail for the "crime" of possessing a
weed. I haven't hurt anybody, I haven't stolen from anybody, I haven't raped
anybody's daughter. Why am I in jail? I don't feel like a criminal.
I committed a charitable act.... I agreed to turn this poor cat onto some
(20 of 31)4/15/2004 1:08:37 AM
The Marijuana Smokers - Chapter 11
grass at his request. He promptly turned me in.
This silly grass law is only one small reflection of the mentality that rules
America and dictates what we can read, what we can think and what
position we must use when we make love.
My love to all the gentle people. Our day is coming.38]
Having been convicted of selling five dollars' worth of seeds and stems to
an informer, I am currently serving a twenty-to-thirty year sentence....
... my bail was set at $4s,ooo—an impossible sum for me to raise. So I sat
in jail for four months before being tried. There were twenty-five other
marijuana arrests in the]... County in the past two years, but I am the only
one who has been sent to the penitentiary. Why this special treatment for
me?39]
Law enforcement officers, however, often feel rehabilitation to be a worthy goal. Often
a judge's sentence will hinge on his feeling that a jail sentence actually serves a
rehabilitation function. We are reminded of Lindesmith's description of one such case:
... an occasional judge, ignorant of the nature of marihuana, sends a
marihuana user to prison to cure him of his nonexistent addiction. The
writer was once in court when a middle-aged Negro defendant appeared
before the judge charged with having used and had in his possession one
marihuana cigarette during the noon hour at the place where he had worked
for a number of years. This man had no previous record and this fact was
stated before the court. Nevertheless, a two-year sentence was imposed to
"dry up his habit."40]
What, in fact, are the effects of arrests, convictions, and jail sentences on users? Are
they as likely to use again as they would if they were never arrested? This is, obviously,
impossible to answer. Nor can we compare their later arrest figures with the arrest figures
of a comparable group which was not arrested when they were. (We don't know the base
f Dalzell, and R Petrzilka, M Growbox Marijana How To Grow Dank Marijuana will be
discussed , 4947 (1969)
n common patterning of functioning in all of these people, a common
pattern superimposed on their individual uniqueness, we may hypothesize something to explain this
common pattern. This hypothesized something might be "Marijuana: The Facts, The Truth" By Will Oursler Summary a common personality trait, belief system,
physical attribute, or, in terms of our interest a common state of consciousness. Particularly, if we know
that all the observed individuals ingested marijuana just before we began observing them, we will be
tempted to say that the common pattern of functioning we observe is the result of their all being in a
state of marijuana intoxication.
Note, however, that it is the empirically observed common pattern of functioning1] that is the crucial
defining operation of the state of consciousness; the fact that they had all ingested marijuana serves
secondarily to specify something we think to be a cause of the hypothesized state of consciousness.
What, then, are the properties of this hypothesized state of consciousness, marijuana intoxication?
How do we discover these properties?
Clearly the way to answer this is to give marijuana to a number of people and observe what is
common in their experience and behavior.
Unfortunately, the observation process is much more complex
and full of pitfalls than we would expect.
Much of our usual experience with the effects of drugs on consciousness misleads us into expecting
fairly simple relationships. If, for example, you give a strong dose of barbiturates or other sedatives to a
person, he almost always goes to sleep. Hence we describe the state of massive bongs consciousness (or lack of it)
induced by barbiturates as a barbiturate-induced sleep.
There is little variability across subjects, and our
observational process is simple.
With a psychoactive drug like marijuana, on the other hand, the variability across subjects is very
high, and the observation process itself may systematically bias what we observe, as will be detailed in
the next section. It may even turn out that different people might experience different states of
consciousness from using marijuana, that is, the observed patterns of experience and behavior fall into
several distinct patterns rather than a single pattern common to all individuals. We generally consider
alcohol intoxication, for example, as a single state, yet on a second thought there are clearly some
individuals who have very different experiences with alcohol from those the majority of us have. A drug
may thus stimulate a reorganization of functioning, but the nature of the new pattern may be determined
by factors other than the nature of the drug per se.
Let us consider in detail the question of why a given individual, taking marijuana (or any other
psychoactive drug, for that matter) at a particular time and place, might experience the particular things
that he does.
VARIABILITY OF DRUG-INDUCED STATES
Our common experience with many drugs inclines us to think along the line that "Drug A has effects
X,n common patterning of functioning in all of these people, a common
pattern superimposed on their individual uniqueness, we may hypothesize something to explain this
common pattern. This hypothesized something might be a common personality trait, belief system,
physical attribute, or, in terms of our interest a common state of consciousness. Particularly, if we know
that all the observed individuals ingested marijuana just before we began observing them, we will be
tempted to say that the common pattern of functioning we observe is the result of their all being in a
state of marijuana intoxication.
Note, however, that it is the empirically observed common pattern of functioning1] that is the crucial
defining operation of the state of consciousness; the fact that they had all ingested marijuana serves
secondarily to specify something we think to be a cause of the hypothesized state of consciousness.
What, then, are the properties of this hypothesized state of consciousness, marijuana intoxication?
How do we discover these properties?
Clearly the way to answer this is to give marijuana to a number of people and observe what is
common in their experience and behavior. Unfortunately, the observation process is much more complex
and full of pitfalls than we would expect.
Much of our usual experience with the effects of drugs on consciousness misleads us into expecting
fairly simple relationships. If, for example, you give a strong dose of barbiturates or other sedatives to a
person, he almost always goes to sleep. Hence we describe the state of consciousness (or lack of it)
induced by barbiturates as a barbiturate-induced sleep. There is little variability across subjects, and our
observational process is simple.
With a psychoactive drug like marijuana, on the other hand, the variability across subjects is very
high, and the observation process itself may systematically bias what we observe, as will be detailed in
the next section. It may even turn out that different people might experience different states of
consciousness from using marijuana, that is, the observed patterns of experience and behavior fall into
several distinct patterns rather than a single pattern common to all individuals. We generally consider
alcohol intoxication, for example, as a single state, yet on a second thought there are clearly some
individuals who have very different experiences with alcohol from those the majority of us have. A drug
may thus stimulate a reorganization of functioning, but the nature of the new pattern may be determined
by factors other than the nature of the drug per se.
Let us consider Stacker in detail the question of why a given individual, taking marijuana (or any other
psychoactive drug, for that matter) at a particular time and place, might experience the particular things
that he does.
VARIABILITY OF DRUG-INDUCED STATES
Our common experience with many drugs inclines us to think along the line that "Drug A has effects
X,n common patterning of functioning in all of these people, a common
pattern superimposed on their individual uniqueness, we may hypothesize something to explain this
common pattern. This hypothesized something might be a common personality trait, belief system,
physical attribute, or, in terms of our interest a common state of consciousness. Particularly, if we know
that all the observed individuals ingested marijuana just before we began observing them, we will be
tempted to say that the common pattern of functioning we observe is the result of their all being in a
state of marijuana intoxication.
Note, however, that it is the empirically observed common pattern of functioning1 that is the crucial
defining operation of the state of consciousness; the fact that they had all ingested marijuana serves
secondarily to specify something we think to be a cause of the hypothesized state of consciousness.
What, then, are the properties of this hypothesized state of consciousness, marijuana intoxication?
How do we discover these properties?
Clearly the way to answer this is to give marijuana to a number of people and observe what is
common in their experience and behavior.
Unfortunately, the observation process is much more complex
and full of pitfalls than we would expect.
Much of our usual experience with the effects of drugs on consciousness misleads us into expecting
fairly simple relationships. If, for example, you give a strong dose of barbiturates or other sedatives to a
person, he almost always goes to sleep. Hence we describe the state of consciousness (or lack of it)
induced by barbiturates as a barbiturate-induced sleep.
There is little variability across subjects, and our
observational process is simple.
With a psychoactive drug like marijuana, on the other hand, the variability across subjects is very
high, and the observation process itself may systematically bias what we observe, as will be detailed in
the next section.
It may even turn out that different people might experience different states of
consciousness from using marijuana, that is, the observed patterns of experience and behavior fall into
several distinct patterns rather than a single pattern common to all individuals. We generally consider
alcohol intoxication, for example, as a single state, yet on a second thought there are clearly some
individuals who have very different experiences with alcohol from those the majority of us have. A drug
may thus stimulate a reorganization of functioning, but the nature of the new pattern may be determined
by factors other than the nature of the drug per se.
Let us consider in detail the question of why a given individual, taking marijuana (or any other
psychoactive drug, for that matter) at a particular time and place, might experience the particular things
that he does.
VARIABILITY OF DRUG-INDUCED STATES
Our common experience with many drugs inclines us to think along the line that "Drug A has effects
X,n common patterning of functioning in all of these people, a common
pattern superimposed on their individual uniqueness, we may hypothesize something to explain this
common pattern. This hypothesized something might be a common personality trait, belief system,
physical attribute, or, in terms of our interest a common state of consciousness.
Particularly, if we know
that all the observed individuals ingested marijuana just before we began observing them, we will be
tempted to Bongs Information Bongs Information Bongs say that the common pattern of functioning we observe is the result of their all being in a
state of marijuana intoxication.
Note, however, that it is the empirically observed common pattern of functioning1 that is the crucial
defining operation of the state of consciousness; the fact that they had all ingested marijuana serves
secondarily to specify something we think to be a cause of the hypothesized state of consciousness.
What, then, are the properties of this hypothesized state of consciousness, marijuana intoxication?
How do we discover these properties?
Clearly the way to answer this is to give marijuana to a number of people and observe what is
common in their experience and behavior. Unfortunately, the observation process is much more complex
and full of pitfalls than we would expect.
Much of our usual experience with the effects of drugs on consciousness misleads us into expecting
fairly simple relationships. If, for example, you give a strong dose of barbiturates or other sedatives to a
person, he almost always goes to sleep. Hence we describe the state of consciousness (or lack of it)
induced by barbiturates as a barbiturate-induced sleep. There is little variability across subjects, and our
observational process is simple.
With a psychoactive drug like marijuana, on the other hand, the variability across subjects is very
high, and the observation process itself may systematically bias what we observe, as will be detailed in
the next section. It may even turn out that different people might experience different states of
consciousness from using marijuana, that is, the observed patterns of experience and behavior fall into
several distinct patterns rather than a single pattern common to all individuals. We generally consider
alcohol intoxication, for example, as a single state, yet on a second thought there are clearly some
individuals who have very different experiences with alcohol from those the majority of us have. A drug
may thus stimulate a reorganization of functioning, but the nature of the new pattern may be determined
by factors other than the nature of the drug per se.
Let us consider in detail the question of why a given individual, taking marijuana (or any other
psychoactive drug, for that matter) at a particular time and place, might experience the particular things
that he does.
VARIABILITY OF DRUG-INDUCED STATES
Our common experience with many drugs inclines us to think along the line that "Drug A has effects
X,
vah @ 3/13/2010 12:59:47 PM